Step 1: Prepare the Ingredients

1. Peel (optional) and thinly slice 4-5 medium potatoes to ¼-inch thickness for even cooking. A mandoline slicer can help achieve uniform slices.

2. Chop 1 medium onion and mince 2 cloves garlic.

   • Tip: Slice potatoes just before assembling to prevent browning, or soak in cold water and pat dry if prepping ahead.

Step 2: Cook the Beef

1. In a large skillet over medium heat, heat 1 tbsp olive oil. Add the chopped onion and minced garlic, sautéing for 3-4 minutes until fragrant and softened.

2. Add 1 lb ground beef, breaking it up with a spatula. Season with 1 tsp Italian seasoning, ½ tsp paprika, ½ tsp salt, and ¼ tsp black pepper. Cook for 5-7 minutes until browned and cooked through, draining excess fat if needed.

   • Tip: For leaner beef, no draining may be necessary. Break up the beef finely for even layering.

Step 3: Assemble in the Slow Cooker

1. Lightly grease the slow cooker insert with cooking spray or olive oil to prevent sticking.

2. Layer half of the sliced potatoes evenly across the bottom of the slow cooker.

3. Spread half of the cooked ground beef mixture over the potatoes.

4. Sprinkle ¾ cup shredded cheddar cheese over the beef.

5. Repeat the layers: remaining potatoes, remaining beef, and another ¾ cup cheddar cheese.

6. Pour ½ cup beef broth (and ¼ cup milk, if using) evenly over the layers to keep the casserole moist.

   • Tip: Arrange potato slices slightly overlapping for even cooking. Press down gently after each layer to compact the casserole.

Step 4: Slow Cook

1. Cover and cook on low for 6-8 hours or high for 3-4 hours, until the potatoes are tender when pierced with a fork.

2. Check at the lower end of the time range to avoid overcooking; the potatoes should be soft but not mushy.

   • Tip: If the casserole looks too watery, cook uncovered for the last 15-30 minutes on high to reduce liquid. Stir gently before adding the topping to redistribute flavors.

Step 5: Add Cheese Topping and Optional Broiling

1. Option 1: Broiler (preferred for a golden, oven-baked finish):

   • Preheat the oven to broil (500°F/260°C). Lightly grease an oven-safe baking dish or tray.

   • Using a slotted spoon, transfer the casserole (or portions) to the baking dish to avoid excess liquid. Sprinkle ½ cup grated Parmesan cheese evenly over the top.

   • Broil for 3-5 minutes, watching closely, until the Parmesan is golden and bubbly.

2. Option 2: Slow Cooker Finish (for a softer texture):

   • Sprinkle ½ cup grated Parmesan cheese over the casserole in the slow cooker. Cover and cook on high for 10-15 minutes until the cheese melts.

   • Note: This method won’t crisp the topping but will still be cheesy and delicious.

3. Option 3: Skillet (for stovetop crisping):

   • Transfer portions of the casserole to a greased skillet over medium heat. Sprinkle with Parmesan and cook for 4-5 minutes, covered, until the cheese melts. Optionally, broil briefly for a golden top.

   • Tip: For any method, ensure the casserole is hot before adding the Parmesan to help it melt evenly. Keep portions warm in a 200°F (93°C) oven while finishing others.

Step 6: Serve

1. Let the casserole rest for 5 minutes to set, making it easier to serve.

2. Garnish with chopped fresh parsley for a vibrant, fresh finish.

3. Serve hot as a main dish or hearty side, paired with a green salad, steamed vegetables, or crusty bread.

   • Tip: Use a large spoon or spatula to serve, ensuring each portion has layers of potatoes, beef, and cheese for maximum flavor.